Micromachined field asymmetric ion mobility filter and detection system

ABSTRACT

A micromechanical field asymmetric ion mobility filter for a detection system includes a pair of spaced substrates defining between them a flow path between a sample inlet and an outlet; an ion filter disposed in the path and including a pair of spaced filter electrodes, one electrode associated with each substrate; and an electrical controller for applying a bias voltage and an asymmetric periodic voltage across the ion filter electrodes for controlling the paths of ions through the filter.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.10/866,645, filed Jun. 10, 2004 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,030,372, which is acontinuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/321,822, filed Dec. 16,2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,806,463, which is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. application Ser. No. 09/358,312 filed Jul. 21, 1999, now U.S. Pat.No. 6,495,823. The entire teachings of the above applications areincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility (FAIM) filter,and more particularly, to a micromachined FAIM filter and spectrometer.

The ability to detect and identify explosives, drugs, chemical andbiological agents as well as air quality has become increasingly morecritical given increasing terrorist and military activities andenvironmental concerns. Previous detection of such agents wasaccomplished with conventional mass spectrometers, time of flight ionmobility spectrometers and conventionally machined FAIM spectrometers.

Mass spectrometers are very sensitive, highly selective and provide afast response time. Mass spectrometers, however, are large and requiresignificant amounts of power to operate. They also require a powerfulvacuum pump to maintain a high vacuum in order to isolate the ions fromneutral molecules and permit detection of the selected ions, and arealso very expensive.

Another spectrometric technique which is less complex is time of flightion mobility spectrometry which is the method currently implemented inmost portable chemical weapons and explosives detectors. The detectionis based not solely on mass, but on charge and cross-section of themolecule as well. However, because of these different characteristics,molecular species identification is not as conclusive and accurate asthe mass spectrometer. Time of flight ion mobility spectrometerstypically have unacceptable resolution and sensitivity limitations whenattempting to reduce their size, that is a drift tube length less than 2inches. In time of flight ion mobility, the resolution is proportionalto the length of the drift tube. The longer the tube the better theresolution, provided the drift tube is also wide enough to prevent allions from being lost to the side walls due to diffusion. Thus,fundamentally, miniaturization of time of flight ion mobility systemsleads to a degradation in system performance. While these devices arerelatively inexpensive and reliable, they suffer from severallimitations. First, the sample volume through the detector is small, soto increase spectrometer sensitivity either the detector electronicsmust have extremely high sensitivity, requiring expensive electronics,or a concentrator is required, adding to system complexity. In addition,a gate and gating electronics are usually needed to control theinjection of ions into the drift tube.

FAIM spectrometry was developed in the former Soviet Union in the1980's. FAIM spectrometry allows a selected ion to pass through a filterwhile blocking the passage of undesirable ions. Conventional FAIMspectrometers are large and expensive, e.g., the entire device is nearlya cubic foot in size and costs over $25,000. These systems are notsuitable for use in applications requiring small detectors. They arealso relatively slow, taking as much as one minute to produce a completespectrum of the sample gas, are difficult to manufacture and are notmass producible.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a FAIM filter anddetection system which can more quickly and accurately control the flowof selected ions to produce a sample spectrum than conventional FAIMdevices.

It is a further object of this invention to provide such a filter anddetection system which can detect multiple pre-selected ions withouthaving to sweep the bias voltage.

It is a further object of this invention to provide such a filter anddetection system which can even detect selected ions without a biasvoltage.

It is a further object of this invention to provide such a filter anddetection system which can detect ions spatially based on the ions'trajectories.

It is a further object of this invention to provide such a filter anddetection system which has a very high resolution.

It is a further object of this invention to provide such a filter anddetection system which can detect selected ions faster than conventionaldetection devices.

It is a further object of this invention to provide such a filter anddetection system which has a sensitivity of parts per billion to partsper trillion.

It is a further object of this invention to provide such a filter anddetections system which may be packaged in a single chip.

It is further object of this invention to provide such filter anddetection system which is cost effective to implement and produce.

The invention results from the realization that an extremely small,accurate and fast FAIM filter and detection system can be achieved bydefining a flow path between a sample inlet and an outlet using a pairof spaced substrates and disposing an ion filter within the flow path,the filter including a pair of spaced electrodes, one electrodeassociated with each substrate and a controller for selectively applyinga bias voltage and an asymmetric periodic voltage across the electrodesto control the path of ions through the filter.

The invention results from the further realization that by providing anarray of filters, each filter associated with a different bias voltage,the filter may be used to detect multiple selected ions without sweepingthe bias voltage.

The invention results from the realization that by varying the dutycycle of the periodic voltage, no bias voltage is required.

The invention results from the further realization that by segmentingthe detector, ion detection may be achieved with greater accuracy andresolution by detecting ions spatially according to the ions'trajectories as the ions exit the filter.

This invention features a micromechanical field asymmetric ion mobilityfilter for a detection system. There is a pair of spaced substratesdefining between them a flow path between a sample inlet and an outlet,an ion filter disposed in the path and including a pair of spaced filterelectrodes, one electrode associated with each substrate and anelectrical controller for applying a bias voltage and an asymmetricperiodic voltage across the ion filter electrodes for controlling thepaths of ions through the filter.

In a preferred embodiment there may be a detector, downstream from theion filter, for detecting ions that exit the filter. The detector mayinclude a plurality of segments, the segments separated along the flowpath to spatially separate the ions according to their trajectories.There may be confining electrodes, responsive to the electricalcontroller, for concentrating selected ions as they pass through thefilter. The confining electrodes may be silicon. The silicon electrodesmay act as spaces for spacing the substrates. There may be heater forheating the flow path. The heater may include the ion filter electrodes.The electrical controller may include means for selectively applying acurrent through the filter electrodes to heat the filter electrodes. Thesubstrate may be glass. The glass may be Pyrex®. There may be anionization source, upstream from the filter, for ionizing a fluid flowfrom the sample inlet. The ionization source may include a radioactivesource. The ionization source may include an ultraviolet lamp. Theionization source may include a corona discharge device. There may be aclean air outlet for introducing purified air into the flow path. Theremay be a pump in communication with the flow path, for regulating afluid flow through the flow path.

The invention also features a field asymmetric ion mobility filter anddetection system. There is a housing having a flow path between a sampleinlet and an outlet, an ion filter disposed in the flow path andincluding a pair of spaced filter electrodes, an electrical controllerfor applying a bias voltage and an asymmetric periodic voltage acrossthe ion filter electrodes for controlling the path of ions through thefilter, and a segmented detector, downstream from the ion filter, itssegments separated along the flow path to spatially separate the ionsaccording to their trajectories.

In a preferred embodiment there may be confining electrodes, responsiveto the electrical controller, for concentrating the ions as they passthrough the filter. The confining electrode may be silicon. The siliconelectrodes may act as a spacer for spacing the filter electrodes. Theremay be a heater for heating the flow path. The heater may include theion filter electrodes. The electrical controller may include means forselectively applying current through the filter electrodes to heat thefilter electrodes. There may be an ionization source upstream from thefilter for ionizing fluid flow from the sample inlet. The ionizationsource may include a radioactive source. The ionization source mayinclude an ultraviolet lamp. The ionization source may include a coronadischarge device. There may be a clean air inlet for introducingpurified air into the flow path. There may be a pump in communicationwith the flow path for regulating a fluid flow through the flow path.

The invention also features a field asymmetric ion mobility filterarray. There is a housing defining at least one flow path between asample inlet and an outlet, a plurality of ion filters disposed withinthe housing, each ion filter including a pair spaced filter electrodes,and an electrical controller for applying a bias voltage and anasymmetric periodic voltage across each pair of ion filter electrodesfor controller the path of ions through each filter.

In a preferred embodiment each ion filter may be associated with one ofthe flow paths. There may be a detector downstream from each ion filterfor detecting ions that exit each said filter. Each detector may includea plurality of segments, the segments separated along the flow path tospatially separate the ions according to their trajectories. There maybe a plurality of confining electrodes, responsive to the electricalcontroller, for concentrating the ions as they pass through each filter.Each confining electrode may be silicon. The silicon electrode may actas a spacer for spacing the filter electrodes. There may be a heater froheating the at least one flow path. The heater may include each pair ofion filter electrodes. The electrical controller may include means forselectively applying a current through each pair of filter electrodes toheat the filter electrodes. There may be an ionization source upstreamfrom each filter for ionizing a fluid flow from the sample inlet. Theionization source may be a radioactive source. The ionization source maybe an ultraviolet lamp. The ionization source may be a corona dischargedevice. There may be a clean air inlet for introducing purified air intoat least one flow path. There may be a pump in communication with eachflow path for regulating a fluid flow through each flow path.

The invention also features an uncompensated field asymmetric ionmobility filter for a detection system. There is a housing having a flowpath between a sample inlet and an outlet, an ion filter disposed in thepath and including a pair of spaced filter electrodes, an electricalcontroller for applying an uncompensated asymmetric periodic voltageacross the ion filter for controlling the path of ions through the ionfilter, and a selection circuit for selectively adjusting the duty cycleof the periodic voltage to target a selected specie or species of ion tobe detected.

In a preferred embodiment there may be a detector downstream from theion filter for detecting ions that exit the filter. The detector mayinclude a plurality of segments, the segments separated along the flowpath to spatially separate the ions according to their trajectories.There may be a confining electrode, responsive to the electricalcontroller, for concentrating the ions as they pass through the filter.The confining electrode may be silicon. The silicon electrode may act asa spacer for spacing the filter electrodes. There may be a heater forheating the flow path. The heater may include the ion filter electrodes.The electrical controller may include means for selectively applying acurrent through the filter electrodes to heat the filter electrodes.There may be an ionization source, upstream from the filter, forionizing a fluid flow from sample inlet. The ionization source mayinclude a radioactive source. The ionization source may include anultraviolet lamp. The ionization source may include a corona dischargedevice. There may be a clean air inlet for introducing purified air intothe flow path. There may be a pump in communication with the flow pathfor regulating a fluid flow through the flow path.

The invention also features a field asymmetric ion mobility filter.There is a housing having a flow path between a sample inlet and anoutlet, an ion filter disposed in the flow path and including a pair ofspaced filter electrodes, a pair of confining electrodes transverse tothe flow path, and an electrical controller for applying a first biasvoltage and an asymmetric periodic voltage across the ion filterelectrodes and for applying a second bias voltage across the confiningelectrodes for controlling the path of ions through the filter.

In a preferred embodiment there may be a detector downstream from theion filter for detecting ions that exit the filter. The detector mayinclude a plurality of segments, the segments separated along the flowpath to spatially separate the ions according to their trajectories. Theconfining electrodes may be silicon. The silicon electrodes may act as aspacer for spacing the filter electrodes. There may be a heater forheating the flow path. The heater may include the ion filter electrodes.The heater may include the confining electrodes. The electricalcontroller may include means for selectively applying a current throughthe filter electrodes to heat the filter electrodes. The electricalcontroller may include means for selectively applying a current throughthe confining electrodes to heat the confining electrodes. There may bean ionization source upstream from the filter for ionizing fluid flowfrom the sample inlet. The ionization source may include a radiationsource. The ionization source may include an ultraviolet lamp. Theionization source may be a corona discharge device. There may be a cleanair inlet for introducing purified air into the flow path. There may bea pump in communication with the flow path for regulating a fluid flowthrough the flow path.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of theinvention will be apparent from the following more particulardescription of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated inthe accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer tothe same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are notnecessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustratingthe principles of the invention.

Other objects, features and advantages will occur to those skilled inthe art from the following description of a preferred embodiment and theaccompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the micromachined filter anddetection system according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the ions as they pass throughthe filter electrodes of FIG. 1 toward the detector;

FIG. 3A is a graphical representation of the bias voltage required todetect acetone and the sensitivity obtainable;

FIG. 3B is a representation, similar to FIG. 3A, of the bias voltagerequired to detect Diethyl methyl amine;

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional of the view of the spaced, micromachinedfilter according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a three dimensional view of the packaged micromachined filterand detection system, including fluid flow pumps, demonstrating theminiaturized size which maybe realized;

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of one embodiment according to the presentinvention in which an array of filters and detectors are disposed in asingle flow path;

FIG. 7 is an exploded view, similar to FIGS. 6, in which the array offilters is stacked and one filter and detector is associated with asingle flow path.

FIG. 8 is a cross sectional representation of a single flow path of thearrayed filter and detector system of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a graphical representation demonstrating simultaneous multipledetections of benzene and acetone;

FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram, similar FIG. 1, in which thefilter is not compensated by a bias voltage and the duty cycle of theperiodic voltage is instead varied to control the flow of ions throughthe filter;

FIG. 11 is a graphical representation of an asymmetric periodic voltagehaving a varying duty cycle which is applied to the filter of FIG. 9 tofilter selected ions without a bias voltage; and

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a filter and detector system in whichthe detector is segmented to spatially detect ions as they exit thefilter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A description of preferred embodiments of the invention follows.

FAIM spectrometer 10, FIG. 1, operates by drawing a gas, indicated byarrow 12, via pump 14, through inlet 16 into ionization region 18. Theionized gas is passed between parallel electrode plates 20 and 22, whichcomprise ion filter 24, following flow path 26. As the gas ions passbetween plates 20 and 22, they are exposed to an asymmetric oscillatingelectric field between electrode plates 20 and 22 induced by a voltageapplied to the plates by voltage generator 28 in response to electroniccontroller 30

As ions pass through filter 24, some are neutralized by plates 20 and 22while others pass through and are sensed by detector 32. Detector 32includes a top electrode 33 at a predetermined voltage and a bottomelectrode 35, typically at ground. Top electrode 33 deflects ionsdownward to electrode 35. However either electrode may detect ionsdepending on the ion and the voltage applied to the electrodes.Moreover, Multiple ions may be detected by using top electrode 33 as onedetector and bottom electrode 35 as a second detector. Electroniccontroller 30 may include for example, amplifier 34 and microprocessor36. Amplifier 34 amplifies the output of detector 32, which is afunction of the charge collected by detector 34, and provides the outputto microprocessor 36 for analysis. Similarly, amplifier 34′, shown inphantom, may be provided where electrode 33 is also utilized as adetector.

As ions 38, FIG. 2, pass through alternating asymmetric electric field40, which is transverse to gas flow 12, electric field 40, causes theions to “wiggle” along paths 42 a, 42 b and 42 c. Field 40 is typicallyin the range of ±(1000-2000) volts dc and has a maximum field strengthof 40,000 V/cm. The path taken by a particular ion is a function of itsmass, size, cross-section and charge. Once an ion reaches electrode 20or 22, it is neutralized. A second, bias or compensation field 44,typically in the range of ±2000 V/cm or ±100 volts dc, is concurrentlyinduced between electrodes 20 and 22 by as bias voltage applied toplates 20 and 22, also by voltage generator 28, FIG. 1, in response tomicroprocessor 36 to enable a preselected ion species to pass throughfilter 24 to detector 32. Compensation field 44 is a constant bias whichoffsets alternating asymmetric field 40 to allow the preselected ions,such as ion 38 c to pass to detector 32. Thus, with the proper biasvoltage, a particular species of ion will follow path 42 c whileundesirable ions will follow paths 42 a and 42 b to be neutralized asthey encounter electrode plates 20 and 22.

The output of FAIM spectrometer 10 is a measure of the amount of chargeon detector 32 for a given bias voltage 44. The longer filter 24 is setat a given compensation bias voltage, the more charge will accumulate ondetector 32. However, by sweeping compensation voltage 44 over apredetermined voltage range, a complete spectrum for sample gas 23 canbe achieved. The FAIM spectrometer according to the present inventionrequires typically less than thirty seconds and as little as one secondto produce a complete spectrum for a given gas sample.

By varying compensation bias voltage 44 the species to be detected canbe varied to provide a complete spectrum of the gas sample. For example,with a bias voltage of −3.5 volts acetone was detected as demonstratedby concentration peaks 46, FIG. 3A in concentrations as low as 83 partsper billion. In contrast, at a bias voltage of −6.5 volts, diethylmethyl amine, peaks 48, FIG. 3B, was detected in concentrations as lowas 280 parts per billion.

Filter 24, FIG. 4, is on the order of one inch is size. Spectrometer 10includes spaced substrates 52 and 54, for example glass such as Pyrex®available from Corning Glass, Corning, N.Y., and electrodes 20 and 22,which may be example gold, titanium, or platinum, mounted or formed onsubstrates 52 and 54, respectively. Substrates 52 and 54 are separatedby spacers 56 a and 56 b which may be formed by etching or dicingsilicon wafer. The thickness of spacers 56 a and 56 b defines thedistance between electrodes 20 and 22. Moreover, applying the samevoltage to silicon spacers 56 a-b, typically ±(10-1000 volts dc)transforms spacers 56 a-b into electrodes which produce a confiningelectric field 58, which guides or confines the ions' paths to thecenter of flow path 26. This increases the sensitivity of the system bypreserving more ions so that more ions strike detector 34. However, thisis not a necessary limitation of the invention.

To maintain accurate and reliable operation of spectrometer 10,neutralized ions which accumulate on electrode plates 20 and 22 must bepurged. This may be accomplished by heating flow path 26. For example,controller 30, FIG. 1, may include current source 29, shown in phantom,which provides, in response to microprocessor 36, a current I toelectrode plates 20 and 22 to heat the plates, removing accumulatedmolecules. Similarly, current I may instead be applied to spacerelectrodes 56 a and 56 b, FIG. 4, to heat flow path 26 and clean plates20 and 22.

Packaged FAIM spectrometer 10, FIG. 5, may be reduced in size to oneinch by one inch by one inch. Pump 14 is mounted on substrate 52 fordrawing a gas sample 12 into inlet 16. Clean dry air may be introducedinto flow path 26, FIG. 1, by recirculation pump 14 a prior to or afterionization of the gas sample. Electronic controller 30 may be etchedinto silicon control layer 60 which combines with substrates 52 and 54to form a housing for spectrometer 10. Substrates 52 and 54 and controllayer 60 may be bonded together, for example, using anodic bonding, toprovide an extremely small FAIM spectrometer. Micro pumps 14 and 14 aprovide a high volume thoughput which further expedites the analysis ofgas sample 12. Pumps 14 and 14 a may be, for example, conventionalminiature disk drive motors fitted with small centrifugal air compressorrotors or micromachined pumps, which produce flow rates of 1 to 4 litersper minute. One example of pump 14 is available from Sensidyne, Inc.,Clearwater, Fla.

While the FAIM spectrometer according to the present invention quicklyproduces a spectrum for a particular gas sample, the time for doing somay be further reduced with an array of filters 32. FAIM spectrometer10, FIG. 6, may include filter array 62, a single inlet 16 and singleflow path 26. Sample gas 23 is guided by confining electrodes 56 a-h tofilter array 62 after passing by ionization source 18, which may includean ultraviolet light source, a radioactive device or corona dischargedevice. Filter array 62 includes, for example, paired filter electrodes20 a-d and 22 a-e and may simultaneously detect different ion species byapplying a different compensation bias voltage 44, FIG. 2, to eachelectrode pair and sweeping each electrode pair over a different voltagerange greatly reducing the sweep time. However, array 62 may include anynumber of filters depending on the size of the spectrometer. Detectorarray 64, which includes detectors 32 a-e, detects multiple selected ionspecies simultaneously, thereby reduce the time necessary to obtain aspectrum of the gas sample 12. The electrode pairs share the sameasymmetric periodic ac voltage 40.

Clean dry air may be introduced into flow path 26 through clean airinlet 66 via recirculator pump 14 a, FIG. 5. Drawing in clean dry airassists in reducing the FAIM spectrometer's sensitivity to humidity.Moreover, if the spectrometer is operated without clean dry air and aknown gas sample is introduced in the device, the device can be used asa humidity sensor since the resulting spectrum will change with moistureconcentration from the standardized spectrum for the given sample.

However, rather than each filter 32 a-e of filter array 62 sharing thesame flow path 26, individual flow paths 26 a-e, FIG. 7, may be providedso that each flow path has associated with it, for example, inlet 16 a,ionization region 18 a, confining electrodes 56 a′, 56 b′, ion filterelectrode pair 20 a, 22 a, detector electrode pair 33 a, 35 a, and exitport 68 a.

In operation, sample gas 12 enters sample inlet 16 a, FIG. 8, and isionized by, for example, a corona discharge device 18 a. The ionizedsample is guided towards ion filter 24 a by confining electrodes 56 a.As ions pass between ion filter electrodes 20 a and 22 a, undesirableions will be neutralized while selected ions will pass through filter 24a to be detected by detector 32 a.

As shown in FIG. 9, multiple, simultaneous detections were made ofBenzene, peaks 50 and acetone peaks 51, demonstrating the advantage ofthe arrayed filters and detectors according to the present invention.

It has also been found that a compensation bias voltage is not necessaryto detect a selected specie or species of ion. By varying the duty cycleof the asymmetric periodic voltage applied to electrodes 20 and 22 offilter 24, FIG. 10, there is no need to apply a constant bias voltage toplate electrodes 20 and 22. Voltage generator 28, in response to controlelectronics 30 varies the duty cycle of asymmetric alternating voltage40. By varying the duty cycle of periodic voltage 40, FIG. 11, the pathof selected ion 32 c may be controlled. As an example, rather than alimitation, the duty cycle of field 40 may be one quarter: 25% high,peak 70, and 75% low, valley 72, and ion 38 c approaches plate 20 to beneutralized. However, by varying the duty cycle of voltage 40 a to 40%,peak 70 a, ion 38 c passes through plates 20 and 22 without beingneutralized. Typically the duty cycle is variable from 10-50% high and90-50% low. Accordingly, by varying the duty cycle of field 40, an ion'spath may be controlled without the need of a bias voltage.

To improve FAIM spectrometry resolution even further, detector 32, FIG.12, may be segmented. Thus as ions pass through filter 24 between filterelectrodes 20 and 22, the individual ions 38 c′-38 c″″ may be detectedspatially, the ions having their trajectories 42′-42′″ determinedaccording to their size, charge and cross section. Thus detector segment32′ will have one a concentration of one species of ion while detectorsegment 32″ will have a different ion species concentration, increasingthe spectrum resolution as each segment may detect a particular ionspecies.

Although specific features of the invention are shown in some drawingsand not in others, this is for convenience only as each feature may becombined with any or all of the other features in accordance with theinvention.

Other embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art and are withinthe following claims:

While this invention has been particularly shown and described withreferences to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood bythose skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may bemade therein without departing from the scope of the inventionencompassed by the appended claims.

1. An ion mobility based system for analyzing a sample comprising: anasymmetric electric field for dispersing ions of the sample, a filterelectrode in communication with a flow path, within which the asymmetricfield is formed, and a controller for automatically adjusting at leastone condition of the asymmetric field to separate particular ones of thedispersed ions from others of the dispersed ions for analyzing acomponent in the sample.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein thecontroller is configured to selectively adjust at least one condition ofthe flow path.
 3. The system of claim 1 including a detector forproviding spectral information, at least about the separated ions, foranalyzing the component in the sample.
 4. The system of claim 3including a detector for measuring a quantity of the component in thesample.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one conditionincludes a DC bias voltage applied to the filter electrode to bias theasymmetric field.
 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the at least onecondition includes an amount of time that the DC bias voltage is appliedto the filter electrode to control an amount of charge collected on adetector in the flow path.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the atleast one condition includes a duty cycle of the periodic voltageapplied to the filter electrodes.
 8. The system of claim 1 including alongitudinally extending spacer in the flow path for spacing apart thefilter electrode from a second filter electrode.
 9. The system of claim1 including a spacer plate for spacing apart the filter electrode from asecond filter electrode.
 10. The system of claim 1 including anelectrically conductive spacer for spacing apart the filter electrodefrom a second filter electrode.
 11. The system of claim 1 including anelectrically insulative spacer for spacing apart the filter electrodefrom a second filter electrode.
 12. The system of claim 1 including anelectrode for confining the ions to a substantially central portion ofthe flow path.
 13. The system of claim 2, wherein the at least onecondition includes an amount of heating or ion flow rate in the ion flowpath.
 14. The system of claim 1 including a doping inlet.
 15. The systemof claim 1, wherein the filter electrode is formed on a substrate by oneof micromachining, etching, and dicing.
 16. The system of claim 15,wherein the substrate is substantially planar.
 17. The system of claim2, wherein the at least one condition includes an amount of the dopantbeing introduced via a dopant inlet into the flow path.
 18. The systemof claim 2, wherein the at least one condition includes an amount ofpurified air in the ion flow path.
 19. The system of claim 2, whereinthe at least one condition includes an amount of one or more gases otherthan air in the ion flow path.
 20. A method for analyzing a sample basedon ion mobility, comprising: dispersing ions of the sample using anasymmetric electric field in a flow path, and automatically adjusting atleast one condition of the asymmetric electric field to separateparticular ones of the dispersed ions from others of the dispersed ions.21. The method of claim 20 comprising selectively adjusting at least onecondition of the flow path.
 22. The method of claim 20 includingdetecting spectral information, at least about the separated ions, foranalyzing a component in the sample.
 23. The method of claim 20 whereinanalyzing the component includes measuring the amount of the componentin the sample.
 24. The method of claim 20, wherein the asymmetric fieldincludes an RF field.
 25. The method of claim 20, wherein the at leastone condition includes a duty cycle of a periodic voltage applied to aion filter to control the asymmetric electric field.
 26. The method ofclaim 20, wherein the at least one condition includes a bias applied tothe asymmetric field to separate particular ones of the dispersed ionsfrom others of the dispersed ions.
 27. The method of claim 21 whereinthe at least one condition includes an amount of electrical currentapplied to an ion filter to control the amount of molecules that collecton the ion filter electrodes in the flow path.
 28. The method of claim21, wherein the at least one condition includes a bias voltage levelapplied to a confining electrode to confine ions to a substantiallycentral flow in the flow path.
 29. The method of claim 21, wherein theat least one condition includes an amount of heating or ion flow rate inthe ion flow path.
 30. The method of claim 21, wherein the at least onecondition includes an amount of purified air in the ion flow path. 31.The method of claim 21, wherein the at least one condition includes anamount of a dopant in the flow path to change a spectrum associated witha component in the sample.
 32. The method of claim 21, wherein the atleast one condition includes an amount of a gas other than air in theion flow path.
 33. The method of claim 21, wherein the at least onecondition includes an amount of a mixture of gases other than air intoin the ion flow path.
 34. The method of claim 21, wherein the at leastone condition includes a mixture of vapors in the ion flow path.
 35. Thesystem of claim 15, wherein the controller includes a processor forautomatically adjusting the at least one condition of the asymmetricfield.
 36. The method of claim 20 comprising forming a filter electrodeon a substrate by one of micromachining, etching, and dicing and usingthe filter electrode to generate the asymmetric electric field.
 37. Themethod of claim 36 comprising using a processor for automaticallyadjusting the at least one condition of the asymmetric field.